Fear of Dogs: Cynophobia Symptoms, Causes and Cures

By Julia Williams

Do you have a fear of dogs, or know someone who does? The likelihood that you answered yes to one or both of those questions is fairly high, considering that the fear of dogs is quite common in our society today. Having a little fear of dogs is natural and may actually protect you, because some dogs (especially strays or other dogs you don’t know) could be dangerous, and should always be approached with caution. But for people who have Cynophobia, which is not a healthy fear of dogs but an extreme, irrational one, this fear can make their life miserable. Left untreated, Cynophobia can severely interfere with a person’s work, school, and social relationships.

Phobias are classified as a type of anxiety disorder, whereby exposure to the feared object, activity or situation can cause excessive sweating, shaking, heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, inability to think or speak clearly, and even a full blown panic attack. Cynophobia then, is not simply an aversion to dogs; it’s an intense feeling of fear at the sight of one – even if it’s just on television or through a window. Very often, a person with Cynophobia can have an anxiety attack just by thinking about encountering a dog. They may understand intellectually that a dog on TV poses no danger, but this doesn’t prevent them from having a reaction.

Although snakes and spiders are more common animal phobias, Cynophobia is especially debilitating because dogs are such an intrinsic part of everyday life. According to a survey by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, there are approximately 74.8 million pet dogs in the United States. Dogs are everywhere we look and thus, practically impossible to avoid. And for someone with Cynophobia, it doesn’t matter if the dog is a tiny puppy, a Chihuahua or a snarling guard dog– all are equally frightening.

What causes Cynophobia?

Like all irrational fears, Cynophobia is a protective mechanism created by the unconscious mind. A Cynophobe is usually terrified of being scratched, bitten or attacked by a dog, but may not have any idea where this fear originated. Sometimes all they know is that they’ve had a fear of dogs for as long as they can remember. It is possible, though, that they had a frightening experience with a dog at a young age but don’t remember it.

Both children and adults can develop Cynophobia after being attacked or bitten by a dog, or seeing another person have a bad experience with a dog. In addition, parents who have a strong fear of dogs can sometimes transfer this to their children. On the other hand, early exposure to good-tempered dogs seems to lessen the probability of a person developing Cynophobia as an adult.

Treatments for Cynophobia

With professional help, the fear of dogs can usually be overcome; however, many Cynophobics avoid seeking treatment because they’re embarrassed about fearing an animal so many people love. If they get teased by others who don’t understand the debilitating nature of phobias, they may be even more reluctant to seek treatment. For some, the idea of confronting their fear of dogs is just as terrifying as dealing with Cynophobia. Nevertheless, if someone has a desire to conquer their fear of dogs it can be done, and there are several therapeutic options.

Cognitive behavior therapy is a form of psychotherapy based on the belief that the way we think about things affects how we feel emotionally. Rather than focusing on past experiences, cognitive therapy employs problem solving in the present, e.g., helping someone change the way they think about dogs.

Systematic desensitization therapy uses visualization and gradual exposure combined with relaxation and breathing exercises to desensitize a person to their phobia. In a controlled environment, typically a therapist’s office, the patient is taught to visualize a frightening situation (such as encountering a dog). When this no longer produces intense anxiety, exposure to dogs is introduced in a systematic, structured way while the person concentrates on staying calm. This exposure could include looking at photos of dogs, watching videos about dogs, seeing a dog through a window, and eventually, being in the same room with a dog.

Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is the study of how individuals create their reality. NLP views phobias as the result of faulty “programs” or images that a person has created, e.g., seeing all dogs as aggressive and threatening. With NLP, these programs are revealed and “re-programmed” so that the phobia is minimized or eliminated.

Hypnosis helps to reprogram the subconscious thoughts that may be linked to the phobia. People with Cynophobia usually have a strong subconscious belief that any dog they see will attack them. When the subconscious is reprogrammed through hypnotherapy, the phobia symptoms are often minimized.

If you suffer from Cynophobia but feel like you’re all alone, rest assured – there are many others who share your fear of dogs. And you shouldn’t feel that this is just something you “have to live with,” because with proper treatment, effort and time, you can overcome Cynophobia.

Read more articles by Julia Williams

Canine PTSD: Its Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

How Can You Determine If Your Dog Has PTSD? 
 Originally published in “My Puppy, My Self,” at PsychologyToday.com, August 8, 2012.
 

“Reactivity” in Dogs
I got the following email message the other day from a company called Dogwise. They publish and sell books primarily about reward-based dog training. 

“Probably the hottest topic in dog behavior and training circles right now is reactivity. You may never be able to ‘cure’ a dog who is reactive—it’s hard to counter poor socialization and/or genetics—but there are a number of ways you may be able to control it, at least some of the time…”

My first reaction was to the word “reactive.” I’ve never understood how or why that term is being applied to behavior problems in dogs. It seems to me that if a dog doesn’t react to stimuli, that’s when he’s got serious physical, emotional or behavioral problems. 

Then, when the blurb informed me that “you may never be able to ‘cure’ a dog who is reactive,” I chalked that up to the fact that behavioral science techniques are usually ineffective, or at the very least only mildly effective, at solving most behavioral problems in dogs, because in my experience they’re geared to focus on changing outward behaviors rather than finding and changing the underlying cause. 

But as I thought more about it I realized that a very high percentage of the dogs being described as “reactive,” are actually over-reacting to stimuli, which suggests that they may be suffering from Canine PTSD, which is, indeed, very “difficult to cure.” 

Stress: The Underlying Cause
The database of the National Technical Information Service—an agency of the U.S. Government—shows that as many as 70% of individuals [human beings] living in the United States have experienced at least one serious traumatic event during their lifetime. But according to investigators at Boston University School of Medicine only 8% of those people who’ve experienced some form of trauma have developed PTSD as a result. 

Unfortunately, we don’t have a database showing the percentage of dogs who’ve experienced trauma. But given the number of dogs abandoned or brought to shelters every year, plus the number injured in fights with other dogs, and the number who’ve been mistreated by their owners, or mishandled by their trainers, groomers or vet techs (it happens), not to mention those who’ve been struck by a car, gotten lost, were fought over during a divorce, etc, etc, etc, I would be very surprised if the number of dogs who’ve experienced some type of trauma wasn’t at least 70%. And I’d also be surprised if the number of dogs who’ve developed symptoms of PTSD as a result of such wasn’t very close to the figure of 8% found in human beings. 

This would suggests that since there are roughly 75 million pet dogs in America, there’s a real possibility that more than 6 million American dogs might have PTSD. 

Meanwhile, The New York Times reports that “more than 5 percent of the approximately 650 deployed military dogs are developing some form of canine PTSD,” meaning that there are only 30 or so who’ve developed the disorder. Granted, in working military dogs the symptoms are usually much more severe than what see in pet dogs. But the problem still exists pet dogs, and in much larger numbers. 

So when does a traumatic event of any kind stay a one-time thing, and when does it actually cause PTSD? And can we apply any of the criteria used in diagnosing PTSD in humans to diagnose our dogs as well? 

I think so. 

Diagnosing Canine PTSD
In humans, PTSD is not just caused by a traumatic experience, but one that causes a tremendous amount of stress. The traumatic event causes the body to release a cocktail of hormones and neurochemicals specifically designed to deal with that stress. But in large doses those chemical agents also can reportedly cause the same or similar kinds of neurological damage found in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can adversely affect mood, memory and learning in deep and lasting ways. (See: “Does PTSD Cause Brain Damage in Dogs?”) *

Since much of the literature on how stress affects memory, learning, and behavior in humans comes from animal studies—primarily on rats and mice—and since a dog’s body produces the same basic kinds of stress hormones produced by rats and humans, it’s very likely that dogs—even pet dogs—can develop symptoms of PTSD. 

In humans these symptoms include re-experiencing the original trauma, fearful avoidance of stimuli associated with that event, and increased forms of arousal such as an sleep disturbances, rage, aggression, and lastly hypervigilance, or in the lingua obscura of some dog trainers: “reactivity.” 

Granted, our lives are much more complicated and stressful than the kind our dogs lead. A human being can develop PTSD simply by observing the scene of an accident or natural disaster. Some can develop symptoms just by looking at videos or photographs. Dogs aren’t as deeply affected by the passive observation of horrific events as we are. 

On the other hand, there are far more cultural taboos and legal restrictions against doing harm to human beings than there are about hurting dogs. Remember, up until a few years ago the most popular training book in America—How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend, by the Monks of New Skete—contained the following “training” advice: “How hard should you hit your dog? If she doesn’t yelp in pain you haven’t hit her hard enough.” 

Hurting dogs is pervasive in our country. People like Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Michael Vick—who spent time in prison for running a dog-fighting ring out of his home—are just a drop in the bucket in terms of the kind of people out there brutalizing dogs on a regular basis.

With all that in mind I would be very surprised to find that the number of dogs in America who have Canine PTSD isn’t more than double or even triple the 6 million I suggested above. 

Diagnostic Signs of PTSD in Human Beings

• Criterion A – Exposure to a traumatic stressor. 


• Criterion B – Re-experiencing the event (flashbacks). 


• Criterion C – Avoidance and numbing. 


• Criterion D – Hyperarousal. 


• Criterion E – Duration of symptoms for at least 1 month. 


• Criterion F – Significant impairment of normal functioning. 

Personally, I think dogs can exhibit all 5 of these signs and symptoms. The only one that might seem controversial is the idea that dogs can have “flashbacks.” I think that depends on how we view the differences between how memory operates in humans and dogs.
 
In human beings, memory operates on three basic levels: physical (i.e., unconscious or procedural) memory, emotional (or affective) memory, and mental, or declarative memory (which includes semantic, episodic, and autobiographical memory). Only the last requires both a sense of self and a linear sense of time (knowing that there’s a past, present, and future), forms of cognition that dogs don’t have (or don’t seem to). 

In human subjects, flashbacks come primarily from sense memory; the sound of chopper blades for example. This then triggers emotional memory, where the fear, panic and helplessness experienced during the original trauma, come flooding back, raising blood pressure, releasing stress hormones, etc, etc. In many cases, the subject doesn’t even realize that he or she is not actually safe in bed or hiding in the closet, but is convinced that he or she is back on the battlefield or is about to be sexually assaulted, etc. 

It seems to me that dogs are quite capable of experiencing both sense memory and emotional memory. In fact, the work of two Russians—physiologist Ivan Pavlov and theater director (and inventor of “method acting”) Constantin Stanislavsky—show quite clearly that sense memory and emotional memory are inextricably linked. 

I should point out that the 5 diagnostic criteria I mentioned above are only broad categories, and that there are many much finer points to be looked at when diagnosing PTSD in humans. I think the same should hold true for diagnosing Canine PTSD as well. 

To help with thisI’ve created a mock-up for a potential Canine PTSD questionnaire to be filled out by a dog’s owner, veterinarian, trainer or behaviorist. It can be found by clicking here. (I would be very interested in getting feedback, whether some things should be added, subtracted, or tossed out altogether.) 

Please keep in mind that most of what I’m saying is hypothetical. We need more research, we need to create a much larger yet credible database. We need to start thinking along new lines. PTSD is not something that can only happen to human beings, or to our military dogs. Those brave and hardworking four-legged members of our armed forces are showing us that there’s a much larger problem right under our noses, affecting millions of American doggies, animals who are currently nestled safely on their doggie beds or sleeping on our couches, and yet who may be in emotional distress and need our help. 

If you agree with or relate to anything I’ve said, please pass it on to your vet, dog trainer, and anyone else you think might be able to help us move forward in making this problem more widely known. 

I firmly believe that Canine PTSD is a very real condition that can be found in a great many pet dogs, and we need to start addressing it now.

LCK
“Changing the World, One Dog at a Time”
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Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease in Dogs - Causes, Symptoms

One of the most common health problems in dogs over two years of age, is gingivitis and periodontal disease – 85% of dogs two years of age or older suffer from periodontal disease. 

The first stage of periodontal disease is called ‘gingivitis’. Gingivitis causes inflammation of the gums however this is a completely reversible condition, that when caught in a timely fashion will not cause permanent damage. 

The second stage of periodontal disease is called periodontitis. This stage of the disease can cause irreparable damage to teeth and inflammation, abbesses and infection that degrade the structure that hold teeth in place (ligaments and jaw bone.

Gingivitis occurs when over-time bacteria mix with saliva, blood cell and other bacterial components and form plaque. You won’t see the plaque as it is colourless but what you will likely see is a thin line of red just where the dog’s gum meets its teeth.

Plaque (a clear, sticky substance made up of bacteria and saliva) attaches to the soft gum tissue of the mouth and causes inflammation. When a dog’s gums are healthy the gums sit firmly against teeth. Once plaque starts to form it creates an irregular, rough surface that forces the gums away from the teeth. If not removed the plaque starts to build from the gum-line up onto the tooth where it adheres to the surface of the tooth and calcifies forming tartar (also called calculus). Once calcified on to the teeth tartar starts to erode the gingival tissue. Build-up can occur quickly or may take time – it just depends on the dog’s diet, the strength of the dog’s immune system, the amount of saliva the dog’s saliva glands regularly produce, etc. If the dog tends to salivate very little they may have more tartar build-up as saliva contains bacteria-killing enzymes. A dog’s premolars and molars tend to collect the largest build-up of tartar.

Once tartar forms rough surfaces on the tooth a perfect terrain is established for the formation and adherence of more tartar. Once inflammation is present, swelling of the gums begins, and with it soreness. If left untreated infection sets-in, this causes gums to begin to recede, and eventually ligaments that secure the tooth against the jaw bone and the bone itself may become seriously damaged. Infection that goes this deep causes abscess, bleeding and a lot of pain as well as tooth loss.

The damage does not stop there…tartar also affects the entire body. Bacteria from the inflamed gum and tartar can enter the bloodstream and cause damage to major body organs, such as the liver, kidneys, heart and lungs.

Failure to take proper care of your dog’s teeth can result in a drastic decrease in quality of life and a shortened life-span.

Feeding your dog the wrong food and treats can make the problem worse!

Signs/Progression of Periodontal Disease

Stage One – Early signs of gingivitis:

Redness of the gums where gum and teeth meet…see picture below.

  

As Gingivitis Progresses:

• Sensitive gum tissue, bleeding gums (i.e. after a dog eats);


• Yellow or brown tartar on teeth;


• Bad breath.

See picture below…

Stage Two – Periodontitus:

• Abscesses in the gum and jaw bone;


• Avoids having his/her face and/or head touched;


• Bad breath;


• Deep pockets of infection;


• Drops Food;


• Eating/chewing only on one side of mouth;


• Trouble chewing – eating;


• Red, swollen gums that bleed easily when touched, pressing on gums may cause pus to ooze from gum-line;


• Refusing to play with toys;


• Sneezing – nose bleeds;


• Not wanting to eat due to sore or lose teeth;


• Pawing at mouth;


• 
  Unhappiness – irritability; 
  


• Weight loss.

At stage one gingivitis can be fully reversed – no permanent damage resulting.  Once gingivitis has progressed to stage two a veterinarian surgeon specializing in periodontal disease may have to assess the damage to the jaw bone – the dog may lose some or all of its teeth.

Related Articles

Preventing Gum Disease in Dogs and Maintaining Good Oral Care

Ingredients to Avoid in Dog Toothpaste, Oral Rinse and Dental Chews

Vitamins, Minerals & Foods that Support Oral Health in Dogs

Dental Care for Dogs – Natural, Herbal, Homeopathic DIY Remedies, Treatments

How to Select Safe, Affective Teeth Cleaning Chews & Dental Chews for Your Dog

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What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs, and How to Correct It

By Linda Cole

Cherry eye in dogs isn’t a life threatening condition, but if left untreated can cause your dog eye problems later on. If you’ve ever seen a red bulge in the corner of your dog’s eye, you’ve seen firsthand what cherry eye looks like. What causes cherry eye in dogs, and how is it treated?

A dog’s eye has three eyelids: an upper and lower lid, as well as a third eyelid we seldom see. The importance of the third eyelid is to give added protection to the dog’s eyes. It acts like a wipe to help keep the eye clear of dust and debris and has a tear gland that produces around 35% of the moisture to the dog’s eye. Sometimes the gland in the third eyelid, located in the corner of the eye next to the dog’s nose, slips out of place and bulges. We see it as a red or pinkish blob, and this bulge is what’s called cherry eye.

Why it slips out of place is not clear, but if it happens in one eye, more than likely it will happen in the other, although it can be months later. What you want to pay attention to in your dog’s eye is any watery or thick discharge, a red or pink blob in the corner of their eye, any redness in the lining of their eyelid or if your dog is pawing at his eye.

For unknown reasons, the connective tissue around the tear gland becomes weak and starts to move around. Movement irritates the gland which leads to swelling that can produce a mucous or clear discharge. It’s possible cherry eye will correct itself within a couple of weeks, but it’s best not to wait. If it doesn’t correct itself, the longer the gland is out of place, the more swelling there is. This makes it harder to reposition it, and there’s a greater chance it will happen again. Left untreated, cherry eye can lead to more serious eye problems later on. You need to have your dog examined by your vet as soon as you notice the out-of-place gland.

It’s not understood why some dogs get cherry eye, but it’s thought the cause could be from a parasite, some kind of bacterial infection, dermatitis, possible sun damage, cancer, fungal infection or it could be a result of a problem with the dog’s immune system. Whatever the case, cherry eye is hereditary, so it’s best not to breed a dog that has developed this condition.

Cherry eye is usually seen in younger dogs between 6 weeks to 2 years and is more commonly found in Newfoundlands, Bloodhounds, Bulldogs, Cocker Spaniels, Shar-Peis, Shih Tzu, Beagles, Pekingese, Lhasa apso, Miniature Poodles and Neapolitan Mastiffs. It’s also seen in some breeds of cats. The Persian and Burmese cats are more likely to develop cherry eye than other breeds.

Treatment for cherry eye is done under local anesthesia to push the gland back into place. Some vets will elect to remove the third eyelid, but it’s not recommended. There’s nothing wrong with getting a second opinion if it’s needed. Removing the eyelid can adversely affect proper tear production which keeps the eye from becoming dry. Dogs who have had the eyelid removed are at risk of developing a condition called “dry eye” later on. The third eyelid should only be removed as a last resort. If it’s removed, you are compromising your dog’s eye health as they age.

During surgery, a small part of the gland is removed. What’s left is carefully tucked into the inside of the third eyelid and tacked into place. Dogs who have had their cherry eye corrected using this type of surgery have an excellent chance for recovery. However, there is a 5 to 20% chance the gland could slip out of place a second time. It all depends on how long it was out, the condition of the cartilage in the third eyelid, how swollen the gland was and the type of surgical procedure that was done. That’s why quick medical treatment is important.

If your dog develops cherry eye, the other eye should be watched closely and you may want to consider having both eyes corrected surgically at the same time. After surgery, you will need to watch your dog’s eyes to make sure they don’t develop dry eye. Signs to watch for that would indicate dry eye are: redness to the lining of the eyelid, a thick pus-like discharge from the eye, and a cloudy cornea.

Read more articles by Linda Cole

Causes, Symptoms, Treatments Of Dog Poisoning .

        Dog poisoning. Please read carefully.       

Dog poisoning is caused by so many factores such as food, chemicals and pestisides, indoor and outdoor plants. Here are some of the causes, symptoms and treatments.

Some pet owners/ pet lovers/ animal lovers may know about dog poisoning but so many are found to have no any idea about it.


There are various things which can affect your pet dog/any dog’s health detrimentally. This includes chocolates, onions, fish, raisens, grapes, avocado, macadamianuts,rhubarb leaves, etc. These all are toxic food for dogs.

Onion poison in dogs :

How and why are onions Toxic for dogs.

Onions are among those commonly used ingredients of food item.onions are among oldest vegetable that belongs to the ‘Allium’ family. By research this found to be toxic for dogs. Other members of this family, like garlic etc. are also toxic for dogs but onions are found to be more toxic, as compared garlic.Onions in any form, like cooked or raw, powdered or dehydrated can cause symptoms of toxicity in dogs. This is because of presence of thiosulfates in onion.Dogs are not capable to digest this compound.This compound is absorbed into dog’s bloodstream, where it breaks down the haemoglobin molecules.This damages the red blood cells. They will eventually burst and will damage of vital organs like heart and kidney of dogs.

• 
  
  Symptoms of onion poisoning in dog :
  
  
  

Intake of onions will develop symptoms that may range from mild to severe. Intake of onions in very small amounts may not produce any symptom in dog. But it may cause damage to the red blood cells and this may detected by diagnostic tests.But severity of toxicity may vary with age of dog, his breed and size, and the amount of consumed.

However a dog may develop onion toxicity,if it consumes onions that amount more than 0.5% of its body weight.In some cases, dog may show symptoms within a 24 hours.Symptoms of onion poisoning in dogs start with Gastroenteritis.

The will have vomiting, diarrhea, weakness and loss of appetite.The red blood cells will get damaged, so affecting the transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the organs.

Within a few days, the dog will develop breathing trouble, pale to bluish gums, mouth irritation, lethargy, skin rashes, increased heart pulse rate, etc.The urine of the dog may get reddish in colour because the damaged red blood cells passes out.With such symptoms, immediate  medical trearment has to be provided for dog.

• Treatment for onion poisoning in dog :
  

Onion toxicity may range mild, moderate or severe.Diagnosis of this condition is done with blod tests.In mild cases may not require much treatment but severe ones need urgent medical attention for saving the life of dog.The treatment may vary with the condition of the affected dog.The dog may be provided with incravenous fluids and supportive care.In case of severe symptoms, oxygen and blood transfusions therapy may also required.

Always check the ingredients before giving your pet dog/any dog any packaged food product. Onion poisoning can be fatal, if the amount of consumption is quite large.

Chocolate poisoning in dogs :

Common poisonous food for dog is chocolate.Why chocolates are bad or poisonous for dogs ?

Please read carefully.Chocolates are made from cocoa beans, that contain a natural stimulant compound theobromine. The amount of theobromine vary in different types of chocolates.It is that theobromine that is poisonous for dogs. This affects the urination, central nervous system and the heart muscles.

According to the Merck Veterinary Manual the approximate theobromine levels present in different types of chocolates are as below :

§  Dry cocoa powder – 800 mg/ oz

   §  Cocoa bean mulch – 255mg/ oz

   §  Milk chocolate – 44-64 mg Theobromine per oz chocolate

   §  Unsweetened ( Baker’s chocolates) – 450 mg/ oz

   §  Sweet dark chocolates and semi-sweet

      chocolates – 150-160 mg/oz

   §  White chocolate contains an insignificant source of methylxanthines

• Symptoms of Chocolate Poisoning in Dogs :
  

After ingestion of chocolates, the symptoms of chocolate poisoning in dogs can be as follows:

Excitement, nervous, diarrhea, excessive thirst, excessive urination, muscle spasms, increase of dog’s body temperature, rapid breathing, low blood pressure, extreme response to light and noise, etc.

• Treatment of chocholate poisoning in dog :
  
  

If you observe symptoms of chocolate poisoning in dog you should not waste a single minute. You should immediately call / take the dog to the veterinarian. The toxicity of chocolate depends on the size of the dog, type of dog and the quantity of chocolate eaten.The veterinarian may use some supportive therapies to reduce the amount of theobromine in the body and treating chocolate poisoning in dogs.He may give the dog IV fluids to prevent dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, excessive urination and to flush out the theobromine. Emetics may be given to induce vomiting.If the ingestion period is more than 4 hours and the dog continues to show signs of toxicity,then the doctor may use activated charcoal.Seizures in dogs are treated with anti-seizures medications.Those are with irregular or excessive heartbeat will be given cardiac medications.


If the dog exhibits the symptoms of poisoning, you should not waste a single minute.Immediately take your dog to a veterinarian.The best way to eliminate the poison from the dog’s intestine is to induce vomiting.

Remember, may your pooch love to eat chocolates but its toxic for him so if you really love and care for your pet dog/ any other dog say ‘no chocolate please’ to him.

Some more other causes of poisoning in dogs.

• 
  Rat poisonin: 
  
  

Rat poison consume rodenticides, this is a toxic substance that is found in different types of rat / mice poison.

• Lead poisoning:
  

This causes by the ingestion of items that contain lead such as toys, drapery weights, fishing weights and lead shots

• 
  
  
  

  Antifreeze Poisoning :

  
  
  
  

Automotive antifreeze contains ethylene glycol which is highly dangerous for dogs. A single sip of antifreeze can cause dog poisoning as this toxin is rapidly metabolized and absorbed by the system. It destroys the renal tubular cells of the dog’s kidneys.

Zinc poisoning in dogs is also very common.

This Caused by direct or indirect contact with steel products such as nuts and bolts.
If your dog has accidentally ingested any kind of poisoning,plant and shows symptoms of poisoning,it is best to consult a veterinarian right away.However, make sure that you do all only under the vet’s recommendations.

Remember that the best way to avoid severe toxins,take precautions and proper care of your pet dog/ any other dog.

Rather Than Buying A Pet From Breeder/Pet Store Save A Stray Life By Adopting From Streets, Animal Shelters/Foster Homes. Make A Difference.